Foreign bodies in ear - its type, diagnosis and management

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the presentation, nature and fate of aural foreign bodies

STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive Study

SETTING: E.N.T. and Head and Neck Surgery department, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from June 2014 to May 2015

METHODOLOGY: A prospective study of 224 patients who presented with different aural foreign bodies. All patients having suspected history of aural foreign body and whom who haven't history but during examination foreign body present in ear are included in the study. The patient of all age group of both the genders was enrolled. All the data was collected on a pre-designed Performa. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 16

RESULTS: Out of 224 cases of aural foreign bodies, 50.4% were less than seven years of age, with male outnumber female. 93.3% of patients were having foreign body in one ear and 6.7% have foreign body in both ears respectively. Majority of aural foreign bodies were Beads and pearls that were seen in 30.4%. Most of the cases [87.5%] did not develop any complication during extraction

The complications observed were canal abrasion in 11 [4.9%] patients, otitis externa in 12 [5.3%] and tympanic membrane perforation in 02 [ 0.8%] patients

CONCLUSION: Aural foreign bodies are commonly encountered during otorhinological practice

Various varieties of aural foreign bodies are prevalent at different parts of the world

These cases should be removed under good magnification and illumination and/or sedation/general anesthesia if needed for prevention of complication

Flexible fiberoptic naso-pharyngo-laryngoscopy: indications and outcome

Objective: To find the indications and outcome of flexible fiberoptic naso-pharyngo-laryngoscopy in ENT practice

Study design: Case series

Place and Duration of study: Department of E.N.T. and Head Neck surgery, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, from February 2013 to January 2015

Methodology: All patients with upper airway problems in whom flexible fiberoptic naso-pharyngolaryngoscopy [FFONPL] performed were included

Results: A total of 437 patients were included in this study. There were 228 [52.2%] males and 209 [47.8%] females. The age range was from 8 year to 80 year with mean age of 45.87 year. It was performed for diagnostic purpose in 351[80.3%] patients having voice and swallowing problems. It was possible to identify structural etiology in all cases. It was used in follow up of 73 patients for residual disease who had chemo radiotherapy for different tumors. Of these, in 54 [73.97%] patients the airway was patent to allow the removal of tracheostomy tubes. In 13 cases it was used to facilitate passage of nasotracheal tube in patients with ankylosis of temporomandibular joint. It was successful in 12 cases

Conclusion: FFONPL is an effective and safe tool for various ENT related pathologies

Clinical presentation of dry socket at teaching hospital of Hyderabad city

To find out frequency and clinical presentation of dry socket in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Obseervational study. This study was carried out at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from Jan 2011 to June 2012. Age from 11 to 70 years with both gender groups was included in the study. They were observed for the presence of dry socket. Patients with previous history of two or more days of extraction, pain, sensitivity on gentle probing of the extraction socket and empty/ partially empty socket were included in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version-13. Total 2300 extractions were included in study; dry socket was recorded in 66 [3.3%] routine dental extraction except 3[rd] molars and 598 [26%] surgical and non-surgical extraction of 3[rd] molar respectively. Majority of the patients belong to 3[rd] decade of life. In oral Surgery practice dry socket is unavoidable, but oral surgeons must identify additional risk factors in patients with particular medical conditions and include this information as a part of the informed consent

Complications of modified radical neck dissection type III in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Modified radical neck dissection type III is considered as relatively safe procedure for management of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy, with low complication rate. This Descriptive study was conducted to evaluate complications of modified radial neck dissection type III from April 2007 to March 2010 at Department of ENT-Head and Neck Surgery Civil Hospital, Karachi. The surgical record of 115 patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent Modified Radical Neck Dissection type III was evaluated for frequencies and pattern of complications. Out of 115 patients, age of the patients was ranging from 26 to 66 years [std Dev: +/- 10.62]. 80% of patients were male and 20% of patients were female and male and female ratio was 4:1. The overall complications were 48.7%. Marginal mandibular nerve palsy [15.7%] and seroma [12.2%] were frequent complications. Although complications may occur despite the best efforts to prevent them, proper preoperative planning, early recognition of perioperative complications, and prompt, effective management can minimize the impact of complications that may occur

experience of ear diseases among the medical students of Isra university Hyderabad [Sindh]

Objective: To determine the frequency of ear diseases among the medical students of Isra University

Study design: A Descriptive, Cross sectional study

Place and duration: E.N.T department Isra University Hospital Hyderabad, in two years; from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2012

Methodology: All medical students of Isra University Hyderabad who visited E.N.T department for complaints related to ears were selected for this study. We did a thorough ENT examination with particular emphasis on otological examination including pneumatic otoscopy, valsalva meanouvre, hearing assessment with tunning fork [512 Hz]. Data were extracted on especially designed proforma and Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 16

Results: 500 students were included in the study; 303 [61%] were females and 197 [39%] were males. Mean age was 22.7 and standard. Deviation +/- 1.521 range from 19 to 27 years. Majority of patients were diagnosed as having impacted wax [29%] or otomycosis [24%]. Some patients [22%] presented with vague otological symptoms but after a complete examination, no ear pathology was found. Majority of patients complained of earache [57%], hearing Impairment [56%] and aural heaviness or blockage [38%]

Conclusion: Although traumatic and infectious diseases of external and middle ear were found, but impacted wax and otomycosis were the most common diseases among the medical students of Isra university

Frequency and clinical presentation of various malignant maxillary tumors

Objectives: To determine the frequency of various malignant tumors of maxilla and to determine the various clinical features of these pathologies at the time of presentation

Study design: A descriptive, Cross sectional study

Place and duration: Joint Study of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Department Isra University Hospital Hyderabad. 02 years from 1[st] January 2011 to 31[st] December 2012

Methodology: Fourteen patients were selected from Out Patient department [OPD] of E.N.T. and Maxillofacial department. Demographic data like age, and sex, clinical presentation like nasal obstruction, epistaxis, cheek swelling, displacement of eye ball and bulging of hard palate were recorded on purposely designed proforma. Biopsy was taken from all patients through endoscope

Results: Out of 14 patients, nine patients [64.3%] were male and five patients [35.7%] were female. Eight patients were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma which comprised [57.2%] followed by sarcoma [35.7%] and B-cell lymphoma [7.1%]. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis were most common complaint i.e. 85.7% followed by anosmia, midfacial swelling and altered check sensation 71.4% respectively. 42.8% patients were suffered from exophthalmos and 35.7% were found bulging of hard palate

Conclusion: Among the malignant tumors of maxilla, commonest is Squamous cell carcinoma but other rare entities like sarcomas and lymphomas are not uncommon in our experience